Why Does This Happen?

Pre-owned shoes are a common cause because they rarely fit a new wearer perfectly. Over time, shoes mold to the original owner’s foot shape, creating pressure spots, seams, or worn areas that don’t align with your toes. This mismatch can lead to ongoing irritation, such as:

Friction: Your toe repeatedly rubs against tight, narrow, or stiff areas inside the shoe.

Pressure: Shoes that squeeze the toes—especially the big toe or little toe—apply constant force.

As a defense, the skin thickens, forming a hard, raised area that often looks yellow due to a buildup of dead skin cells (keratin). Hard corns usually develop on the tops or sides of toes and may have a central core that hurts when pressed, often compared to stepping on a small stone.

Other Possible Causes (Less Common)

Blisters: Intense friction can initially cause fluid-filled blisters, which may appear yellowish if infection develops.

Fungal infections: Shoes worn by others can carry fungi that lead to athlete’s foot or nail infections. These typically cause itching, redness, peeling skin, or yellowing nails rather than a firm bump.